Atomic Force Microscopy for Materials
Since its first introduction in the 1980s, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a widely-used technique for characterizing a variety of materials surface properties. AFM uses a cantilever with a...
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EKBs for Science comprise a series of short guides to the latest techniques, applications and equipment used in analytical science and research laboratories.
Researchers and technicians working in both academia and industry will find valuable practical information for their daily work as well as educational content on key developments within specialty fields.
Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy
With any kind of work, it helps to be able to see what you’re doing, but that can be a challenge when working at microscopic scales or below. By taking advantage of a system that combines two...
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Atom Probe Tomography
Atom probe tomography (APT) offers the enticing prospect of being able to determine the identity and position of nearly every atom in a material, providing the ultimate in elemental analysis. The...
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Ion Chromatography
Ion chromatography (IC)—a form of liquid chromatography (LC)—separates and detects ionic compounds in various samples. This technology is appropriate for a wide range of analytes,...
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a mature technique used for studying the surface chemistry of solids. It involves shining X-rays onto the sample to eject electrons from the atoms in the...
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Wavelength-dispersive (X-ray) Spectroscopy
This EKB provides a clear and concise introduction to wavelength dispersive (X-ray) spectroscopy (WDS) as performed in electron microprobes and scanning electron microscopes. WDS has a wide range of...
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Life Science Microscopy Optics
Within the field of optical microscopy there are dozens of specialist techniques, all with their own particular characteristics. As a result using microscopes seriously for the first time can be a...
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Electron Backscatter Diffraction [Second Edition]
Lots of materials – both natural and synthetic – are crystalline, with a regular, ordered structure. There is now a powerful technique for studying these materials, which can reveal the...
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Micro X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Imagine you can determine the elemental composition of a sample without preparation. No need to polish to produce a flat, homogeneous surface, or otherwise grind, dissolve or cut sample material....
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Live-Cell Imaging
Although prepared slides reveal many details about biological specimens, they always leave at least one question dangling: How does this look when it’s alive? A biologist wonders how the...
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